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If any header is not understood or has an incorrect value, the server should send a " 400 Bad Request" and immediately close the socket. In many common setups, a reverse proxy has already dealt with them.
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Do whatever you want with those they don't directly pertain to the WebSocket. Also, common headers like User-Agent, Referer, Cookie, or authentication headers might be there as well. The client can solicit extensions and/or subprotocols here see Miscellaneous for details. Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ= The client will send a pretty standard HTTP request that looks like this (the HTTP version must be 1.1 or greater, and the method must be GET):
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So you must know how to interpret the client's request. Client Handshake RequestĮven though you're building a server, a client still has to start the WebSocket handshake process. The server must be careful to understand everything the client asks for, otherwise security issues will be introduced. In the handshake, details of the connection are negotiated, and either party can back out before completion if the terms are unfavorable.
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The handshake is the "Web" in WebSockets. Also, note that most browsers (notably Firefox 8+) do not allow connections to insecure WebSocket servers from secure pages. Connections on port 443 tend to succeed more often but of course, that requires a secure connection (TLS/SSL). Warning: The server may listen on any port it chooses, but if it chooses any port other than 80 or 443, it may have problems with firewalls and/or proxies. For an example, let's assume that your server is listening on, port 8000, and your socket server responds to GET requests on /chat. Depending on your platform, this may be handled for you already. The WebSocket Handshakeįirst of all, the server must listen for incoming socket connections using a standard TCP socket.
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This means that you don't have to bloat your server code with cookie and authentication handlers (for example). WebSocket servers are often separate and specialized servers (for load-balancing or other practical reasons), so you will often use a reverse proxy (such as a regular HTTP server) to detect WebSocket handshakes, pre-process them, and send those clients to a real WebSocket server. Section 10 discusses security and you should definitely peruse it before exposing your server.Ī WebSocket server is explained on a very low level here. Sections 1 and 4-7 are especially interesting to server implementors. Read the latest official WebSockets specification, RFC 6455.